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Koyukuk River : ウィキペディア英語版
Koyukuk River

The Koyukuk River (''Ooghekuhno’'' in Koyukon) is a tributary of the Yukon River, in the U.S. state of Alaska.〔 It is the last major tributary entering the Yukon before the larger river empties into the Bering Sea.〔
Rising at the confluence of the North Fork Koyukuk River with the Middle Fork Koyukuk River, it flows generally southwest to meet the larger river at Koyukuk. The river, with headwaters above the Arctic Circle in the Endicott Mountains of the Brooks Range, drains an area north of the Yukon River that includes part of the Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve, as well as Kanuti National Wildlife Refuge and Koyukuk National Wildlife Refuge.〔
The main stem of the river flows by the communities of Evansville, Bettles, Alatna, Allakaket, Hughes, and Huslia before reaching Koyukuk.〔 Its headwaters tributaries include the Koyukuk's south, middle, and north forks, the Alatna River, and the John River.〔Benke and Cushing, pp. 789–90〕 Major tributaries further downstream include the Kanuti, Batzu, Hogatza, Huslia, Dulbi, Kateel, and Gisasa rivers.〔 Of these, the Alatna, John, and North Fork are National Wild and Scenic Rivers, as is the Tinayguk River, a tributary of the North Fork.〔Benke and Cushing, p. 791〕
==Name==
''Koyukuk'' was derived from the Central Yup’ik phrase ''kuik-yuk'', meaning ''a river''. The Koyukuk River was given this generic C. Yup’ik name by explorer Petr Vasilii Malakhov, because he did not know the local Koyukon name for it (i.e., ''Ooghekuhno'').〔, at page 146 (“Malakhov … did not know the native name for this, and so he called it simply Kuyukuk, the word for ‘river’ in the coastal speech of the Chnagmyut.”). The “Chnagmyut” lived between St. Michael and Unalakleet. ''Id.'' at page 104 (map).〕 〔''See'', , at pp. 210 (''kuik'' = ''river''), 598 (''-yuk'' = suffix, ''thing like'').〕 The Western Union Telegraph Expedition used the spelling ''Coyukuk'' before the United States Board on Geographic Names settled on ''Koyukuk''.〔

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